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Halfway through the 2030 Agenda, the BMZ invited participants to a network meeting entitled "Partners for change - Transformation to a food secure, resilient and sustainable future". Experts from around the world developed recommendations in a consultation process and then consolidated them in Berlin. A site visit.
They stream in from two different directions. In a courtyard in Prenzlauer Berg, two lines of people meet on a green lawn - "Partners for Change," as the exchange is called. One from the main building of the "Hotel Oderberger" in Berlin, the other from the southern wing behind the courtyard. Over 200 people from 20 countries, one goal: What has been achieved since the proclamation of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015? What still needs to be done by the deadline of 2030?
It is Thursday, June 14. The experts have come together to get to know each other before continuing in working groups the following day. The German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) has invited to the network meeting. Representatives from politics, agriculture, civil society, and science want to jointly develop policy recommendations under the title "Partners for change - Transformation for a food secure, resilient and sustainable future". In the capital, they will put their heads together on how a transformation of agricultural and food systems can succeed. It is the preliminary conclusion of a lengthy consultation process. Over the course of months, the stakeholders met in small groups, participated in online queries, developed recommendations, and discussed them in various constellations. In these two days, they will come together in one place to finalize the results and jointly draft policy recommendations.
The situation at the halfway point of the SDGs cannot be glossed over. Since 2015, there has been only a slight reduction in global hunger. Agriculture, which emits many greenhouse gases, is an accelerator of climate change. Developing and pooling concrete ideas - that is the task of the next two days. At the networking event, people are standing together in small groups; the meeting is intended to be informal at first, but the discussions are all about technical matters: What needs to be done by 2030? A young man rests briefly in a folding chair. William Madudike, 28, chairs the Youth Board of the Zimbabwe Farmers Union.
What brought you to Berlin?
Madudike: I represent the young farmers of southern Africa.
What do you think of the SDG "Zero Hunger"?
We need this goal. Even if it will still be a long way until then. One that will certainly not be over by 2030.
What challenges do you see for your farmers?
There is a lack of access to adequate financing. And a lot of land belongs to the state, otherwise you can only inherit or buy. This deprives us of the basics of successful cultivation.
What is your situation?
I rented twelve hectares and grow four to five varieties of potatoes. I did that right after I graduated in agronomy, my parents have other professions.
And are you arming yourself against different market prices, climate change?
I grow one field at a time, never all at the same time. I can always harvest a little, cushion failures and price developments.
What should the international community do to improve the situation?
First, each country should look at what it can change on its own doorstep. For Africa, for example, I would like to see the African Union (AU) develop in the direction of the European Union (EU). So far, it has only had a rather ceremonial function. And we need more intraregional trade. For me, it is easier to sell my potatoes to Europe than to my neighboring countries.
In the garden, the conversations continue. Sara Worku, 44, gets a glass of water at a bar. She works for "Alliance2015," a strategic network of European NGOs, in her native Ethiopia as a coordinator.
What message did you come to Berlin with?
Worku: That we need to transform our food systems, and do so inclusively. Marginalized groups are far from being sufficiently included.
And how do you do that?
It starts with listening. After studying geography and environmental sciences in Addis Ababa, I traveled through the rural areas - I didn't know them myself before. My insight was that there is a lot of potential for empowerment, especially among women.
What is missing?
So far, at events like this one, there has been too much talk about the "what". We should leave that behind. Now it is time to discuss "how" we transform. We need more speed. International funders think too short term, but there needs to be more flexible funding with less rigid ideas.
The network meeting is based on a bottom-up process. Not only is the event intended to send out a signal for joint action to combat hunger, poverty, and inequality. Experiences from the BMZ's various global programs are also to be exchanged in the transformation workshops, bundled into thematic clusters, and processed as joint, political recommendations for action. All participants come from the partner structures of the BMZ special initiative "Transformation of Agricultural and Food Systems". Among them is Daniel M.M. M'Mailutha, the 43-year-old who heads the Kenyan farmers' association KENAF. Ninety percent of them, he says, are smallholder farmers.
How many hectares do you farm?
M'Mailutha: Two and a half. I specialize in livestock, have 54 cows. One hundred is my goal.
With what feeling did you get on the plane?
That we not only belong at the table, but also in the kitchen. We are the practitioners. Without us, there is no transformation. That's why we must not only have a say in the plans in advance, but also accompany their implementation in an advisory and decision-making capacity. This is the only way to increase productivity.
What does it take?
Five important points come to mind: More knowledge, a land distribution system with farmers' needs in mind, more infrastructure such as electricity and roads, an improved post-harvest structure, and ultimately a state that supports.
Two meters away, a man leans against a bar table. As far as the role of the state is concerned, he comes to a sober assessment. Emmanuel Atamba Oriedo, 28, shakes his head.
You are an expert on agricultural and food systems and are involved in Kenyan civil society. What impulses come from there?
Atamba Oriedo: The political leadership alone can't do it. That's why people are helping themselves - also with innovations.
What is the problem?
After getting my bachelor's degree in agricultural science, I asked myself: Why are so many people starving? It's not so much a problem of production, but of access to food. No one cares, no one takes responsibility. It should be made clear to every state: There is a right to food.
And how do the SDGs play into that?
With them, too, there is no one who can be held accountable. They had no real value from the beginning. A controlling and obligatory mechanism should have been implanted with them.
And now?
It needs a broad multi-stakeholder process. Money is less the problem than how it is used. That of international donors should certainly not be used to replace government spending.
The evening sun is bending, turning orange. A young woman stands a little apart, spooning from a bowl of chickpea curry. Shamika Mone presides over a huge movement. INOFO is an autonomous organization within the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), which includes some 800 organizations in 120 countries. At this moment, Mone says, she is thinking about her farm, her rice fields.
Are you on the road a lot?
Mone: This year I was away for three months. That's funny. When I'm on my farm, I'm happy. I don't really want to leave there.
How's it going there?
Quite well. But we had to sell one of our two cows to finance expenses. The traditional rice that we grow, on the other hand, is developing excellently.
Is your work at INOFO worthwhile?
There is progress, but everything is too slow. The world is dying, our mindset is not changing fast enough. Farmers are getting more influence, yes. And organic farming is a success everywhere it is practiced. It's also being talked about more. She smiles. I try to keep a balance between my own farm and activism, not to lose my roots. But we lack operational funding, there is too much on too few shoulders.
But there are so many farmers behind you!
Yes, but we have a single secretary, for two hours a day. The situation is different for the conventional farmers' associations.
The next day, the experts will gather again in the capital to discuss topics such as resilience, food environments, agricultural trade, and digitalization in eight transformation workshops. "We have been transforming agricultural and food systems for decades," Caren Smaller begins in her introductory keynote. "In 1945, it was determined that half the world's population was not getting enough calories," says the executive director of the Shamba Centre for Food and Climate. With the so-called Green Revolution, hunger has been drastically reduced, she said. "But it did so at a high cost: to health and to the planet." Not everyone has benefited from it, she said. "And those are the ones who are being punished today for something they are not responsible for," she says, referring to climate change. Now, she says, a new, equitable transformation is needed. "There is too much focus on economic growth," she says, "spending on the environment and women is stagnant." There is no shortage of capital, she adds. Governments should reward banks for taking on more risk for less return.
Maximo Torero of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) now addresses those gathered. "FAO is working very hard to increase resilience." Changing investments is complex, he said. "There is a need to become more efficient while reducing emissions." And then he says something that many will repeat throughout the day: "Transformation has to be evidence-based."
In the subsequent High Panel, BMZ State Secretary Jochen Flasbarth will immediately have to take stock of the situation: What has happened in the past twelve months? "We have been in an accelerating multi-crisis," he answers, "spread across climate change and soil loss" - not to speak of the aftermath of the Corona pandemic and the war in Ukraine with its economic shock waves. "We have to get out of this vicious cycle of humanitarian aid!" Then he picks up Smaller's impulse. "There is no contradiction in focusing on economic growth with the poorest countries. Because that's what's needed." Later, she will counter, "Yes, we need great economic growth. But we need to think about credit. We've lost the sense of global solidarity."
Julian Lampietti of the World Bank also talks about financing. "The money we put into the food system as an institution is little compared to what countries themselves put into their systems," he says. "Out of one dollar of public spending, only 35 cents reach the farmer. We need better, evidence-based interventions."
Then the transformation workshops start, behind closed doors. Hours later, the participants of the network meeting come together again in the large hall. Yang Sang Koma, undersecretary at Cambodia's Ministry of Agriculture, notes, "We focused a lot on production. Now it's time for us to implement the ideas at the local level." And Alexander Kalimbira, an agriculture professor at Lilongwe University in Malawi, added what is needed is a focus on policies that promote public health. "And it should be more decentralized: The government needs to transfer power." Sonja Vermeulen, of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, points out, "If it comes to the issue of land, it quickly becomes political. Many people have this as their only livelihood. Anyone who takes it away from them is threatening them," concludes Dirk Meyer, head of department at the BMZ. He reports that, in addition to the Partners for Change network meeting, another BMZ event on social protection took place this week. "I feel the same spirit, the same energy." One is flooded with negative news, he said, "so sometimes you need such fountains of enthusiasm." Stefano Fotiou of the FAO expresses his gratitude for the valuable contribution the recommendations have made to the preparatory process for the UN Food Systems Summit Stocktaking in Rome at the end of July. In his conclusion, he recalls a quote by boxing legend Muhammad Ali: "The impossible is temporary".
Intensive hours and days lie behind the experts. They have drawn up roadmaps for the final spurt. The UN Sustainable Development Goals remain in focus. At the end, State Secretary Flasbarth concludes, addressing the participants: "You look fresh, it must have been encouraging." He continues: "The many recommendations on how we can jointly progress in transforming agricultural and food systems are not only valuable for the further implementation of our Special Initiative, but also serve as inputs to our various multilateral processes. During this year, these include the High Level Political Forum in New York ahead, the UN Food Systems Summit Stocktaking and COP 28."