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The Gaza Strip depends heavily on humanitarian aid - more than ever with the current war. What is the situation on the ground? Questions for Lucia Elmi, Unicef Special Representative to the State of Palestine.
In Gaza, aid is currently not reaching the population in sufficient quantities. What is the situation on the ground?
Lucia Elmi: The situation on the ground is tragic, it is a human tragedy. Even before this current escalation Gaza was already suffering from a chronic prolonged humanitarian crisis with 80% of the population living under the poverty line, with two children out of three in need of psychosocial and mental health support.
How many children are living in Gaza?
Half of the population of Gaza is children, it is a very young population. Hence, we need to understand now that large part of the population is displaced and has been for many days days under extreme level of bombardment – the children have been facing incredible extreme situations of violence with nowhere safe to go. There is no safe place, there is no refuge, there is no bunker. More than 300,000 children are under the age of five. 50,000 women are pregnant. And in the course of a month, there are approximately more than 5,500 births that happen. Try to imagine, what does it mean to be a pregnant woman? In the past days in the Gaza Strip, trying to get to get to give birth, the majority of the hospitals in the north, they were asked to evacuate, but they cannot move.
So, what happens now?
We are continuing to support a number of perinatal and pediatric wards with the intensive care unit. It's estimated that only in the north there are 130 children premature in incubators where there is very little electricity, since fuel is running out any time now. So for us, this is a very dramatic situation.
Do you understand the call for evacuation in northern Gaza by the Israeli authorities?
For many people it has been impossible to move. Our Humanitarian Coordinator was very clear that people should not be forced to move in places that are also not safe. And humanitarian assistance needs to be provided to the population wherever they are. Hence, this is something that we have been very clear about, as UN, since the beginning. The Gaza Strip has a very high density. Given the level of bombardments being so intense, there are reported more than 3,000 children killed, many children being injured and also hundreds of children reportedly under the rubble. This id very concerning. And it is already a six times higher in 21 days than the 2014 escalation.
What are the humanitarian needs?
The needs are immense and are immediate. We're talking about water, food, medicines and fuel. This is the big issue now on the table because with fuel you can run the electric generators for the hospitals. You can run the trucks for water distribution. You can have the bakeries running, you can have the electricity for the incubators and all of those areas. UNICEF has always been on the ground. We have a presence in the Gaza Strip for the past 30 years. We have teams on the ground. We have prepositioned supplies.
What are you doing now?
We were able to immediately release medicines to the hospitals and the health centers. The only functioning water desalination plant is supported by UNICEF. We were able to keep it running even though at a lower, limited, capacity. And we managed to get a number of trucks in together with the other UN agencies, with water, fuel and medicines. We provide a sense of emergency aid. And we start organizing psychosocial support and some recreational activities in the shelters for approximately 3000 children.
This is just a drop in the ocean because the needs are so huge and people now are drinking less than three liters of water per day.
When we speak about psychological help: What will be the impact for the coming generations of children in Gaza?
If you are a ten years old child, in your life, you already experienced at least four major escalations. The level of toxic stress and the level of continuous cycle of psychosocial and psychological disorders is large. It will continue to have an impact on children, on their lives as young people and active citizens. This is definitely a huge public health issue that needs to be addressed.
Does this mean that the suffering of today will still have an impact 20 to 30 years from now?
Every child has lost a sibling or lost a family member and has been exposed to a very heavy level of violence. And repeatedly we had a series of escalations before that one now. Even the recovery time between the escalations is no longer there. If you have a child, you cannot recover. And let’s not forget other forms of stress like Covid and different hostilities. Children have lost a very high number of hours that they couldn't learn.
Droughts and conflicts have already driven the Middle East region massively into import dependency. Now the situation has worsened. What are the consequences of the conflict on the local food supply and food security?
The majority of Gaza people were already food dependent, around 70%. You can only imagine with the additional closure that nothing has come in apart from a few trucks. I would say that now all the population is fully dependent from outside.
What is the situation generally in Gaza concerning livestock feeding, fishery, farming?
Very few stocks are left. And some of the bakeries with the flour has been also heavily bombed.
And how can the region as a whole increase its resilience to shocks and crises in the future for saving a future for the children?
In any political negotiation, there needs to be durable and peaceful solutions for children, for children in Palestine and in Israel. This conflict has been going on for decades. Children need peace wherever they are.
Palestinian children in Gaza need to have access to all the opportunities every child in the world will want to have and are entitled as a right to have.
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