What the Middle East conflict means for the children in Gaza

By
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The Gaza Strip depends heavily on humanitarian aid - more than ever with the current war. What is the situation on the ground? Questions for Lucia Elmi, Unicef Special Representative to the State of Palestine.

UNICEF delivered supplies to help meet the basic needs of Al-Nasr Hospital in Khan Younis. © UNICEF/UNI460602/El Baba

By Jan Rübel

Jan Rübel is author at Zeitenspiegel Reportagen, a columnist at Yahoo and writes for national newspapers and magazines. He studied History and Middle Eastern Studies.

All contributions

By Lucia Elmi

Ms. Elmi is the Special Representative responsible for managing programmes and operations covering humanitarian, development, and normative areas of activity for UNICEF State of Palestine. Prior to assuming her current responsibilities in August 2020, Lucia served amongst other roles as Representative of UNICEF in Mali and Tajikistan.

All contributions

In Gaza, aid is currently not reaching the population in sufficient quantities. What is the situation on the ground?

Lucia Elmi: The situation on the ground is tragic, it is a human tragedy. Even before this current escalation Gaza was already suffering from a chronic prolonged humanitarian crisis with 80% of the population living under the poverty line, with two children out of three in need of psychosocial and mental health support.

 

How many children are living in Gaza?

Half of the population of Gaza is children, it is a very young population. Hence, we need to understand now that large part of the population is displaced and has been for many days days under extreme level of bombardment – the children have been facing incredible extreme situations of violence with nowhere safe to go. There is no safe place, there is no refuge, there is no bunker. More than 300,000 children are under the age of five. 50,000 women are pregnant. And in the course of a month, there are approximately more than 5,500 births that happen. Try to imagine, what does it mean to be a pregnant woman? In the past days in the Gaza Strip, trying to get to get to give birth, the majority of the hospitals in the north, they were asked to evacuate, but they cannot move.

 

So, what happens now?

We are continuing to support a number of perinatal and pediatric wards with the intensive care unit. It's estimated that only in the north there are 130 children premature in incubators where there is very little electricity, since fuel is running out any time now. So for us, this is a very dramatic situation.

 

Do you understand the call for evacuation in northern Gaza by the Israeli authorities?

For many people it has been impossible to move. Our Humanitarian Coordinator was very clear that people should not be forced to move in places that are also not safe. And humanitarian assistance needs to be provided to the population wherever they are. Hence, this is something that we have been very clear about, as UN, since the beginning. The Gaza Strip has a very high density. Given the level of bombardments being so intense, there are reported more than 3,000 children killed, many children being injured and also hundreds of children reportedly under the rubble. This id very concerning. And it is already a six times higher in 21 days than the 2014 escalation.

 

What are the humanitarian needs?

The needs are immense and are immediate. We're talking about water, food, medicines and fuel. This is the big issue now on the table because with fuel you can run the electric generators for the hospitals. You can run the trucks for water distribution. You can have the bakeries running, you can have the electricity for the incubators and all of those areas. UNICEF has always been on the ground. We have a presence in the Gaza Strip for the past 30 years. We have teams on the ground. We have prepositioned supplies.

 

What are you doing now?

We were able to immediately release medicines to the hospitals and the health centers. The only functioning water desalination plant is supported by UNICEF. We were able to keep it running even though at a lower, limited, capacity. And we managed to get a number of trucks in together with the other UN agencies, with water, fuel and medicines. We provide a sense of emergency aid. And we start organizing psychosocial support and some recreational activities in the shelters for approximately 3000 children.

 

This is just a drop in the ocean because the needs are so huge and people now are drinking less than three liters of water per day.

 

When we speak about psychological help: What will be the impact for the coming generations of children in Gaza?

If you are a ten years old child, in your life, you already experienced at least four major escalations. The level of toxic stress and the level of continuous cycle of psychosocial and psychological disorders is large. It will continue to have an impact on children, on their lives as young people and active citizens. This is definitely a huge public health issue that needs to be addressed.

 

Does this mean that the suffering of today will still have an impact 20 to 30 years from now?

Every child has lost a sibling or lost a family member and has been exposed to a very heavy level of violence. And repeatedly we had a series of escalations before that one now. Even the recovery time between the escalations is no longer there. If you have a child, you cannot recover. And let’s not forget other forms of stress like Covid and different hostilities. Children have lost a very high number of hours that they couldn't learn.

 

Droughts and conflicts have already driven the Middle East region massively into import dependency. Now the situation has worsened. What are the consequences of the conflict on the local food supply and food security?

The majority of Gaza people were already food dependent, around 70%. You can only imagine with the additional closure that nothing has come in apart from a few trucks. I would say that now all the population is fully dependent from outside.

 

What is the situation generally in Gaza concerning livestock feeding, fishery, farming?

Very few stocks are left. And some of the bakeries with the flour has been also heavily bombed.

 

And how can the region as a whole increase its resilience to shocks and crises in the future for saving a future for the children?

In any political negotiation, there needs to be durable and peaceful solutions for children, for children in Palestine and in Israel. This conflict has been going on for decades. Children need peace wherever they are.

 

Palestinian children in Gaza need to have access to all the opportunities every child in the world will want to have and are entitled as a right to have.

 

Back to overview

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An Interview by GDPRD

Why are short- and long-term responses important to address current and future global crises? Sebastian Lesch, Head of the Agriculture Division at the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), provides answers to these and other questions in an interview with the Global Donor Platform for Rural Development (GDPRD) and explains how much Germany welcomes all donors pulling together and acting in concert.

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Strengthening food markets across the rural-urban continuum

A Contribution by Thomas Forster

How to maintain functioning food markets in global food supply chains in the face of vulnerability and disruption? Markets that support local and territorial food systems are part of the solution. Thomas Forster presents proposals for these markets to cope with future shocks.

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A dashboard as a key tool for global food security

A Contribution by BMZ

The Global Alliance for Food Security (GAFS), jointly launched by the German G7 Presidency and the World Bank, released the Global Food and Nutrition Security Dashboard during COP27: A Rapid Response Tool for Coordinating Global Action for Food Security.

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The importance of water for sustainable rural development

A contribtion by WE4F

How can the challenges related to water, rural development and climate resilient agriculture be addressed? What innovations need to be promoted? The Water and Energy for Food (WE4F) initiative presents strategies and innovations for sustainable, integrated water management in German and international cooperation.

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Five Questions for Dirk Meyer

An Interview with Dirk Meyer (BMZ)

Development cooperation needs to place good governance and a sustainable agri-food systems transformation at its center: After the first 100 days in office have passed, Dirk Meyer from the German Development Ministry (BMZ) spells out the goals, guidelines and priorities of the Ministry’s new lead.

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Fair Trade and Climate Justice: Everything is Conntected

A Contribution of the 'Initiative for Sustainable Agricultural Supply Chains' (INA)

Fair Trade organisations and the Initiative for Sustainable Agricultural Supply Chains (INA) have launched the #ichwillfair campaign during COP26 to highlight the link between global supply chains and climate change.

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The Rice Sector in West Africa: A Political Challenge

New insights on trade and value addition in the rice sector in West Africa

Low import tariffs, smuggling activities, unpredictable tax exemptions and weak enforcement of food safety standards: The potential of local rice value chains is undermined in West African countries.

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5 Questions for Jann Lay: What is Corona doing to the economy?

Interview with Jann Lay (GIGA)

The Corona pandemic is hitting economies around the world very hard - but developments in African countries are quite diverse. There are different speeds, resiliences and vulnerabilities. What are the reasons for this? Apl. Prof. Jann Lay of the GIGA Institute provides answers.

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Sustainable, feminist and socially just: The new Africa strategy of the BMZ

A contribution by Prof. Dr. Anna-Katharina Hornidge

In the video format "#99SecondsWith" of the German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Prof. Dr Anna - Katharina Hornidge talks about the new Africa-Strategy of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).

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The goals of transformation should leave no one behind

An Interview with Mareike Haase and Stig Tanzmann

Four interviews kick off the relaunch under the new name „Food4Transformation“, asking the same questions from different perspectives. Mareike Haase and Stig Tanzmann from Brot für die Welt explain why the right to food, inclusivity, agroecology and food sovereignty are the central levers for a successful transformation.

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Agricultural policy belongs in prime time

An interview with Dr. Julia Köhn

Four interviews kick off the relaunch under the new name „Food4Transformation“, asking the same questions from different perspectives. Dr Julia Köhn, Chair of the German AgriFood Society, points out in the interview: Only if innovation and transformation are profitable in the medium term can they close the food gap in the long term.

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BMZ releases video on the transformation of agricultural and food systems

A contribution by GIZ

The Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) has released a video on the transformation of agricultural and food systems. In the video, Federal Minister Svenja Schulze also speaks about the urgent need to combat global hunger and contribute to resilient agricultural and food systems.

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“More of the same is not enough - we need to rethink”

An interview with Dirk Meyer

Four interviews kick off the relaunch under the new name „Food4Transformation“, asking the same questions from different perspectives. Dirk Meyer, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, thinks: less individual solutions are needed, but more systemic approaches. Because in addition to the goals for food security, the issues of climate and biodiversity must also be taken into account.

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Agricultural prices and food security – a complex relationship

A Contribution by Dr. Fatima Olanike Kareem and Dr. Olayinka Idowu Kareem

High agricultural prices affect developed and developing countries alike, but the problem is aggravated for the latter through the lack of or inadequate resilience measures. Dr. Fatima Olanike Kareem, AKADEMIYA2063, and Dr. Olayinka Idowu Kareem, University of Hohenheim, explain what can be done to mitigate the negative effects on food security.

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Strengthening the market linkages of smallholders in the face of global supply shocks

A Contribution by Niladri Sekhar Bagchi

The consequences of the Russian invasion of Ukraine have enabled many countries to open up new export markets for their agricultural goods. However, smallholder farms have been largely left out. Drawing on his experience in India, our author gives a brief overview of how this can be changed.

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Innovative donor approaches and sustainable finance – A Review of UNFSS+2

A contribution by the Global Donor Platform for Rural Development

Two years following the UN Food Systems Summit, the Global Donor Platform for Rural Development and the Shamba Centre for Food & Climate hosted an official side event at the UNFSS+2. The event explored how public donors can increase the impact of their investments.

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“It created hope. It created a life”

An interview with Ally-Raza Qureshi, WFP

Iraq suffered many years of war, sanctions and economic crises. However, Ally-Raza Qureshi from the World Food Programme in Iraq sees progress. But now the effects of climate change are becoming apparent in the country. What is to be done?

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What is needed for a long-term fertiliser strategy?

A contribution by Michael Brüntrup

The world is currently experiencing a historic food crisis. High fertiliser prices are part of the problem. In addition to the necessary short-term aid measures, the crisis ought to be made use of to develop and implement longer-term fertiliser strategies for sustainable, in particular smallholder increases in production in the Global South.

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New Podcast – Out now!

A Podcast by Food4Transformation

In a world facing crises – from pandemics, armed conflicts, and climate change – how do we ensure everyone has enough food within planetary boundaries? A new podcast by Food4Transformation discover solutions talking to government officials, scientists, NGOs and farmers around the world.

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Agricultural Financing – from a broader Perspective

A Contribution by GIZ

In Sub-Saharan Africa, not all financial institutions (FIs) have access to knowledge about how to implement processes to enhance rural financial inclusion. The pan-African Community of Practice (CoP) plays a pivotal role in supporting these institutions along this transformative journey.

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Agriculture is more than Culture or Tradition

A Contribution by Simeon Kambalame

How can agriculture engage more young people in rural areas? Advocacy and education campaigns can play an important role here. Simeon Kambalame, Timveni Child and Youth Media Organisation, has launched such a campaign in Malawi.

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Gender Justice – a Precondition for Resilience

A contribution by IFPRI

Women and girls in poorer countries are affected in particular ways by the multiple crises the world is currently facing. Uncovering the linkages between gender, resilience and food security, experts from International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) look at ways to support women and girls’ capacity to respond to crises.

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Podcast: Fighting world hunger together

Chancellor Angela Merkel in the Podcast of the Federal Government

At the start of World Food Week around World Food Day on 16 October, Chancellor Angela Merkel stressed that the fight against global hunger will only be successful with international responsibility and solidarity (german only).

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Nature conservation around the world

A Contribution by WWF

From measures to promote biodiversity in Germany to more sustainable cocoa cultivation methods in Ecuador: WWF works at many different levels. At the Green Week, it will be demonstrated just how multifaceted nature conservation work is and what role each individual's decision plays.

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Together for food security in Zambia

A Contribution by Claudia Jordan (GIZ)

The Agriculture and Food Security Cluster of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH in Zambia shows how synergies among different projects and partner organisations can help people to eat healthier, diversified food. A delegation of the Bonn based Division of Agriculture and Rural Development learned this in a field visit in the Eastern Province of the Southern African country.

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Felix Phiri and two decades of Agriculture

A Conversation with Felix Phiri

Felix Phiri has been Head of the Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS at the Ministry of Health in Malawi for almost 20 years. A conversation about constants and change.

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A framework for sustainable and fair agriculture and food systems

A Contribution by Gideon Tups

The guiding orientation framework developed by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) summarizes the requirements for the transformation of agriculture and food systems – and identifies principles and approaches for transformative change.

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A Call to Action against Desertification

A contribution by GIZ

Every second, worldwide, we lose valuable and healthy soil with the size of four football fields. This was only one of the many facts being presented to a wide audience in Bonn and worldwide via livestream at the World Desertification and Drought Day on 17th June 2024. This was the 30th anniversary of the United Nations Convention on Combatting Desertification (UNCCD), which was celebrated at the Bundeskunsthalle in Bonn.

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The untapped potential of protein diversification

A Contribution by Ivo Rzegotta

Diversifying our protein supply to include plant-based foods and cultivated meat can be a game-changer for climate mitigation and climate adaptation, especially in the countries of the Global South. However, a great deal of research is still required to capitalise on this potential. And political support, as Ivo Rzegotta, Good Food Institute, demonstrates.

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Climate Resilience in the Apple Value Chain

A Contribution by Puneet Bansal

In Himachal Pradesh, India, natural disasters are becoming more frequent and climatic conditions are changing – with negative consequences for apple production and farmers' livelihoods. Holistic and multidimensional innovation bundles are required for the entire value chain in order to make the food system more resilient in the future.

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Cultivating tomorrow

A Contribution by GIZ

Africa’s largest youth generation has the potential to transform agriculture sustainably. Young entrepreneurs like Febelsa in Mozambique are building agricultural businesses that fuel local growth.

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Coordination as a Game-Changer

A Contribution by Emmanuel Atamba & Larissa Stiem-Bhatia

Drawing on dialogues with experts in Kenya, TMG Research releases its latest policy brief highlighting the critical need to strengthen coordination mechanisms in food systems governance. Emmanuel Atamba and Larissa Stiem-Bhatia from TMG Research summarize the results.

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